CabĪmerican actor who starred in the television series Dark Shadows.Īmerican actress best remembered for her role as Kitty Russell in the television series Gunsmoke.Īmerican actor who starred in the sitcom Too Close for Comfort, Ned's Declassified and the voice of Queer Duck.Īmerican actor who starred in the film Herbie Goes Bananas and the television mini-series The Thorn Birds.Īmerican actor best remembered for playing Captain Kirk's son in the films Star Trek II and III.īritish actor whose best-known role was the part of athlete Eric Liddell in the film Chariots of Fire. Acting (film and television) Nameīritish actor who appeared in King's Royal.Īmerican actor and comedian who starred in the television series Miami Vice as Nugart Neville "Noogie" Lamont and 1983's D.C. These efforts have been aided by various celebrities – including American basketball star Magic Johnson and South African judge Edwin Cameron – who have publicly announced that they are HIV-positive. Publicity campaigns around the world have aimed to counter HIV-related prejudices and misconceptions and to replace them with an accurate understanding that helps to prevent new infections. Because of lack of public acceptance, people infected with HIV are frequently subjected to stigma and discrimination. HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal and oral sex), contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. The WHO African Region remains most severely affected, with nearly 1 in every 25 adults (3.4%) living with HIV and accounting for more than two-thirds of the people living with HIV worldwide. An estimated 0.7% of adults aged 15–49 years worldwide are living with HIV, although the burden of the epidemic continues to vary considerably between countries and regions. Globally, 38.4 million people were living with HIV at the end of 2021. Since the beginning of the epidemic, 84.2 million people have been infected with the HIV virus and about 40.1 million people have died of HIV. This is a categorized, alphabetical list of people who are known to have been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the pathogen that causes AIDS, including those who have died. federal legislation that addresses the unmet health needs of persons infected with HIV/AIDS. American teenager Ryan White, who died from AIDS in 1990, is the namesake for U.S. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
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Singapore Post Limited is a leading provider of mail, logistics, and retail solutions in Singapore. You can use us for your both import from China or export to China. With 3000+ square meters of storage space, our warehousing power reaches 10000+. Shenzhen Warehouse, near Shenzhen Airport, is top-class warehouse management with advanced equipment and all delivery channels in China. In most cases, these tracking numbers will be able to take your packages all the way up until delivery through one of 4PX’s many warehouses or fulfillment centers around the Asia Pacific (APAC). This is because it’s popular in China and for people who are dropshipping their items to other countries. When you buy something from a seller on Amazon, they often use 4PX as the shipping service. The item will be exported to FedEx who will complete the delivery of the product. 4PX FedEx TrackingĤPX, an e-commerce logistics company in China is responsible for picking up a package from the seller and transporting it through China. Other tracking updates are not available because the other services appear exclusively on their own platform. When you ship a package through the 4PX Singapore Post service, your order may be tracked on only one website. Available products with 4PX are EMS, Ordinary airmail parcels service, and Registered parcels service. Whereas 4PX is the exclusive agent of Singapore Post. Singapore Post Limited (SingPost) is a leading provider of mail, logistics, and retail solutions in Singapore and the Asia Pacific region. There are three types: Registered Mail, Ordinary Mail, Air Parcels. Efficient Shipping Made Easy with 4PX and its Services 4PX Post Link TrackingĤPX Post-link is one of our innovative services which takes advantage of 4PX’s overseas resources to ship cargo from China by direct fly and finish last mail delivery with local post service. four p x helpings including are about deliveries, internet-based merchandising application analytics consultants programmers which more than twenty thousand merchants trust their success with this new digital economy system today they’re fourth-largest foreign company operates 100% owned. Today 4PX is the market leader for revenues processed orders overall scale of operations by revenue order processing scale situations etc.,Ĥ P X Express (“4 P X “) was established in 2004 and it’s china’s number one from across a border electronic commerce solution provider. 4PX services include logistics, software, and consulting services that over 20,000 merchants rely on to succeed in the e-commerce world. This feature is crucial especially when you are anxiously waiting for your packages.ĤPX is China’s #1 cross-border e-commerce solutions provider. In addition to location updates, 4px courier tracking also provides estimated delivery time, giving you an idea of when to expect the arrival of your package. Never miss a beat with 4px courier tracking, whether your package is departing from the warehouse, going through customs, or out for delivery, you will be in touch with detailed information about every single checkpoint your package passes Estimated Delivery Time All you have to do is enter the tracking number in the above box and access information at your fingertips. This tracking number enables you to access real-time updates about your package. Once your package is on its way, 4px courier assigns you a distinctive tracking number. 4px courier tracking keeps you updated on the location of your package from the moment they leave the warehouse to the final destination, ensuring you peace of mind and satisfaction. Tracking your parcels with 4px Courier Tracking is such a refreshing breeze! Our innovative system allows you to stay informed about your shipments in real time. How Does 4px Tracking Work? Revolutionizing the Package Tracking Any number of moves can be retracted, back to the last non-retractable move, but each "undo" subtracts one from the score. Spider Solitaire has an " undo" feature that allows moves to be retracted. There are three levels of difficulty in Spider Solitaire: Beginner (one suit), Intermediate (two suits), and Advanced (four suits). Each of the ten cards in this draw lands face up on each of the ten horizontal columns and the player then proceeds to place these in such a way to create a sequence of cards all in one suit. Once a player has made all the moves possible with the current card layout, the player draws a new row of cards from one of the piles of ten in the lower right-hand corner by clicking on the cards. Once a complete sequence is achieved the cards are removed from the table and 100 points are added to the score. Each final sequence must be all of the same suit. The object of the game is to uncover all the hidden cards and by moving cards from one column to another to place cards in sequential order from King to Ace using the fewest moves. Other cards can be placed on it, and it can be moved to other cards in a sequence or to an empty column. Moving the top card in a column allows the topmost hidden card to be turned over. For example, a six and seven of hearts may be moved to an eight of any suit, but a six of hearts and seven of clubs cannot be moved together. However, a sequence of cards can only be moved if they are all of the same suit in numerical descending order. For example, a six of hearts may be moved to a seven of any suit. In the horizontal columns a card may be moved to any other card in the column as long as it is in descending numerical sequence. The remaining fifty cards are laid out in the lower right hand corner in five piles of ten with no cards showing. Fifty-four of the cards are laid out horizontally in ten columns with only the top card showing. The game is played with two decks of cards for a total of 104 cards. Windows 10 has the Microsoft Solitaire Collection app updated and bundled with the OS. Finally, Windows 8 has another updated version available in the Windows Store as part of Microsoft Solitaire Collection but not bundled with the operating system. Windows Vista again saw a new version, which was mainly unchanged in Windows 7. Spider Solitaire was not included in Windows 2000, but was added to Windows Me and later on Windows XP the game gained popularity subsequent to its inclusion in the latter. The game was first included as part of Windows 98's Microsoft Plus! package on its release on Jand has been since featured on most subsequent versions of Windows. As of 2005, it was the most played game on Windows PCs, surpassing the shorter and less challenging Klondike-based Windows Solitaire. Spider Solitaire, also known as Microsoft Spider Solitaire ( Spider in the About box in some versions), is a solitaire (NA)/patience (EU) card game that is included in Microsoft Windows. Microsoft Solitaire Collection on Windows 10, in Spider mode If he’s fussy, or needs calming down, he loves listening to the stream sound (he calls it ‘waterfall’).”įind out more about the Marpac Whish White Noise Sound Machine. Right now we use the white noise sound option and run it all night while he sleeps. “We have been using this sound machine in my 2 1/2 year old’s room for about 3 weeks now and couldn’t be happier. It’s light and portable and is powered via USB. This machine comes with 16 sound options, including white noise and “the soothing ambient sounds of rushing air”. Highly recommend!”įind out more about the Sleepytot S5 Sleep Therapy White Noise Machine. Volume and quality of the sound is perfect. “The best product in our babys room!! Continuous play white noise or the shush is our favourite. It comes with a battery that allows more than 10 hours playing time after 2 hours charging PLUS a USB plug for long term use. This machine is loaded with 20 different sounds including white noise, cracking fire, ocean, shush, womb sounds and lullabies. The Sleepytot S5 Sleep Therapy White Noise Machine It costs $35, runs on two AA batteries and has an optional inbuilt timer.įind out more about the Oricom OLS50 Portable Sound Soother. I love how it can be used in the pram and can easily be taken on holidays too.” “Very happy with this, compact, convenient, affordable with all the functions you need to help soothe baby. We also love this machines 128GB memory card that allows you to add your babys favorite sounds and lullabies. It’s loaded with a variety of audio options, from lullabies to nature sounds to white noise and is designed to help lull your little one to sleep. Unlike other best white noise machines from other brands that set timers up to 120 minutes, this Yachance can stay on for up to 995 minutes, thus long enough to soothe your baby all night. This cute device is part owl, part night light and part sound machine. “I bought my first one of these for my babies room and found that this little machine is so soothing I ended up buying one for myself!”įind out more about the Dreamegg D1 Sound Machine. It costs $59 and has hundreds of positive reviews. The Dreamegg D1 Sound Machine comes loaded with 7 white noise sounds, 7 fan sounds and 7 relaxing natural sounds (forest, ocean, lullaby, stream, crickets, thunder and foetal tone). Sleeping “I’ve had 8 babies and here’s how I got them to sleep …” Next 2. Get ready for some aquatic fun and fast food with this couple costume. This pun-ny couple costume will have everyone smiling and craving some cheesy goodness. One person dresses up as the iconic Darth Vader, while the other dresses up as a cheese grater. This silly costume idea is perfect for Star Wars and cheese lovers. Together, they’ll fight off evil while maintaining inner peace. One person dresses up as an X-Men character, while the other dresses up as a peaceful Zen master. Superheroes and serenity come together in this couple costume idea. Together, they’ll prowl the party while crunching on some delicious Frosted Flakes. One person dresses up as the stealthy Solid Snake from Metal Gear, while the other dresses up as the iconic Tony the Tiger from Frosted Flakes. Get ready for a combination of gaming and breakfast cereal with this costume idea. The result? A playful and scary couple costume that’s sure to impress. One person dresses up as a colorful gummy bear, while the other dresses up as an eerie mummy. Get ready for a sweet and spooky costume with this couple idea. It could be a bag of chips, a granola bar, or anything snackable. One person dresses up as a cute and fluffy yak, while the other dresses up as a delicious snack. This quirky costume idea is a perfect pun-derful play on words. “I dressed up as a skunk while my friend didn’t have to pretend too much to be a drunk! We had a blast as this odoriferous odd couple, spraying air freshener and wandering around the party.” 3. This costume might stink, but it’s sure to be a hit! Want to add a little stink to your party? Dress up as a skunk and a drunk! One person can rock a black-and-white striped skunk costume, while the other goes all out with a wild, disheveled look. They’ll be the life of the party while serving up some magical and delicious delights. One person dresses up as the beloved Tinker Bell, while the other dresses up as the fast-food chain Taco Bell. This witty costume idea will have everyone talking. Find more couples costume ideas for your next party here. They may explain that they are doing this by first saying to cut a long story short, or (US) long story short:Īnyway, to cut a long story short, I managed to get a flight and it was all okay. In order to keep an audience’s attention, the anecdote-teller often shortens the story, telling only the fun or relevant details. Unbeknown to me, Maria had already checked out. If something happens in the story that the speaker was unaware of at the time, they may use the phrase unbeknown to me(‘without me knowing’): The apartment was tiny and dirty, the weather was foul and to top it all, on day three Dan went down with a sickness bug! To introduce the worst thing that happened after a series of other bad things, you can use to top it all: So there we were, completely lost, unable to speak the language and, to make matters worse, my phone had stopped working. If you want to add a detail which made a difficult situation even more difficult, you can say to make matters worse: Sometimes, several bad things happen, one after another. Of course, bad things often happen to someone, (often the speaker), during the course of the anecdote. So anyway, Sam and I were stroll ing through the park, chatting away as usual, when suddenly…Ī phrase that you often hear at this ‘scene-setting’ point is There I was…/There we were…:Īnyway, there we were sitting in the bar, wondering what to do with ourselves when… A very common way of doing this is to use the past continuous tense: To start telling the anecdote, we often ‘ set the scene’ (describe the situation where something is about to happen). That reminds me of the time I gave a talk to some children at my daughter’s school. I’ll never forget the time I got locked in a public toilet in Portland. To do this, we often use phrases such as these:ĭid I ever tell you about the time I invited Al’s boss round for dinner? Of course, to start with, we need to introduce our anecdote, (which often relates to a topic that is already being discussed). This week we’re looking at anecdote phrases and seeing how they are used in the telling of tales. However, the phrases that we use to tell these stories are often quite similar. Of course, the subject matter of our stories varies hugely, from chance meetings with unusual characters to disasters in the kitchen. For some more quotes on the matter, you can see here.We all like to tell anecdotes – to share with our friends short, funny stories about things that we have done or seen. How do you find this post? If you like it, you can share it with friends and support our site this way. Please, do me the ultimate kindness of minding you own damn business! – by unknown Mind your own business, and do what you need to do to make you happy. Let people do what they need to do to make them happy. The biggest fool is the one who minds the business of others rather than minding his very own. There is nothing more provocative than minding your own business. If you stop focusing on other people’s life you’ll have more time to fix your own life. Drink water and mind my business (Mind my business) Drink water and mind my business (Mind my business) Me and you Me and you have no. The best statement that any wise person can see as encouragement and best advice ever. Drink water and mind my business (Mind my business) I go. If you spent a little more time minding your own business you would have a lot less time to be minding mine.ġ6. It’s a nice day for you to start minding your own business.ġ5. Justice means minding one’s own business and not meddling with other men’s concerns. To mind your own business incorporates the whole duty of man. I wish for you the wisdom to mind your own business. And he will be upheld, for the Lord is able to make him stand. Who are you to pass judgment on the servant of another? It is before his own master that he stands or falls. You would be very surprise with how much positive changes that you could make in your life, if could make it your top priority to mind your own business. Make someone happy today, mind your own business. 2 rules of business: 1: Mind your own 2: Stay out of mine.Ħ. Stop telling me what to do, start telling yourself to mind your own business.Ĥ Twinkle Twinkle Little Snitch, Mind your own business you nosey little bitchĥ. Hey, I found your nose, it was in my business again.ģ. My life, my choices, my mistakes, my lessons… Not your business!Ģ. – by Eleanor Roosevelt – American politician, diplomat and activist.ġ. Great minds discuss ideas, average minds discuss events, small minds discuss people. The best feature of this lock is that it can provide protection for multiple bikes if you are creative with the locking system. The best all round bike lock in 2023 is the Litelok X1. One downside is that you will have to purchase a lock and keep up with a key, and the lock is kind of large and difficult to transport. The steel cable is also braided to make it stronger than typical twisted cables. The seven-foot long bike lock is also ten millimeters thick, which makes it very cut resistant. The Kyrptonite cable is seven foot long and has looping ends to make locking it to any anchor point a breeze. This is a U-Lock design so it’s important to find a bike stand to properly attach the bike to. This lock comes with five laser cut keys and a mounting bracket. This lock has a security rating of 63, and has a X2P Double Bolt locking mechanism. This is one of the best bike locks because of its dependability and best in class protection. OnGuard is one of the most well known brands for bike locks on the market. The Litelok X3 is the strongest bike lock available today according to my tests. It gets the job done and will leave you feeling good about parking your bike outside. The first three are new for 2023 and offer that most sought after quality: protection from angle grinders: Litelok X1, Litelok X3 and Hiplok D1000: the only portable angle grinder resistant bike locks 1. This bike lock is certainly about simplicity and efficiency. This is a key based lock that is matching colors to keep things organized on your key-ring. This lock costs only $9.00 and is 5 foot long with a eight millimeter thick cable. The WordLock is one of the best deals on the best bike locks list. This solves that problem while still giving you the security you need with a U-lock. The additional cable is also a valuable addition to the lock as you can never lock both wheels with a U-lock. One downside to this lock is the product weight, weighing in at 3.60lbs you may be weary of lugging it around everywhere. The cylinder for the lock is pick and drill resistant, two keys are included to unlock the cylinder lock. The Bent Foot is engineered to withstand the most vicious attempts to steal a bike. The Kryptonite is one of the best bike locks because of its extreme toughness and providing serious protection from theft. The lock totals four feet in length and has a vinyl, flexible outer coating. This lock is also not bicycle specific meaning the user can place the lock on other sporting equipment to keep it safe as well. The mounting bracket that comes with this lock is easy to install to the bikes tubing or seat. This lock is a four-digit combination lock that is easily customizable and doesn’t require keeping up with a key. The UShake bike lock made our list of best bike locks because of its simplicity and the mounting bracket that is also included. There are dozens of different bike locks on the market and this article will help you filter through and find the best bike locks and make your purchasing decision a little bit easier. There’s a bit of truth to this, but the size of the lock is less important and more about the functionality of the lock. They say the bigger the lock the more expensive the bike. Some cards help create creative stories so they can keep building up their imagination too! Melissa & Doug even made others for kindergarten and preschool as well. I love Melissa & Doug products! This is an educational card set that has age-appropriate games and puzzles for your brand-new first grader to practice for the next school year. Melissa & Doug Smarty Pants First Grade Card Set It arrived quickly, the quality is decent for the price I paid, & the bear is really cute.”Ħ. “I ordered this graduation bear for my granddaughter’s upcoming kindergarten graduation. Personalized Graduation Teddy Bear 2023 on Etsy starting at $10.99 There are even ones that have the graduation year sewn onto them so you and your child will always remember this special occasion. It will be a great memory that they can hold onto and snuggle with for years to come. Thanks for making her pictures perfect.”Ī cute little teddy bear is a thoughtful gift for your kindergartener. “It was a perfect fit for my little one’s cap and gown. Kids’ Graduation Cap Toppers on Etsy starting at $17 I thought this was a great deal and was high quality.” Our daughter graduated from traditional school, and I wanted our son to have pictures of his graduation too, even though he is homeschooled. “I got this for my son‘s kindergarten graduation. Graduation Mall Kindergarten Graduation Cap and Gown Package on Amazon for $26.99 You can take beautiful photos with your little one all dressed up and put them in a brand-new picture frame.Įven if they can’t wear them to the ceremony or celebration, they can just be worn for a photo op at home! There are also toppers you can customize and purchase from Etsy as well. Should help her tremendously when she starts first grade.”Ī graduation cap and gown is an adorable way to remember their special day. “My daughter looks forward to completing the exercises daily. Worth the buy!”įirst Grade Big Workbook on Amazon for $12.99 It has also helped boost his confidence with reading and comprehension in general. My kid was having a lot of trouble with comprehension and this has helped immensely. We do one worksheet (front and back) twice a week. “Perfect for reading and comprehension practice. Reading Comprehension Grade 1 on Amazon for $9.97 It also gives them something extra to do over summer break. A workbook filled with activities appropriate for first graders is a thoughtful gift. It doesn’t hurt for your child to prepare academically for the next school year. It helped get him back into the mood of reading.” How to Start First Grade by Catherine Hapka and Ellen Titlebaum on Amazon for $4.99 “Bought this book as a kindergarten graduation gift for my grandson, he enjoyed the story and is looking forward to first grade.” The ones we have chosen are all about moving up to first grade, giving them a chance to read a relatable story.įirst Grade, Here I Come by Nancy Carlson on Amazon for $5.99 If you have a little one who loves to read at home, books make great gifts. I washed something painted after 24 hours recommended wait time and it looks great, really permanent.” “Love this fabric paint! It’s my first time painting on fabric and this paint is great! Thick and easy to use on jeans and other fabric. Great quality, great fit, great price.”įolk Art Brush on Fabric Acrylic Paint on Amazon for $11.80 Solid Color Short Sleeve T-Shirt on Amazon for $5.99 Shipping was fast, and great quality, the colors were bright and my grandson loved it. “Purchased this tee shirt for my grandson. Kindergarten Graduation T-Shirt on Etsy starting at $17.85 Then it can be saved as a keepsake that they can look back on when they’re older. What better way to commemorate a special occasion than with a personalized t-shirt? This is something you can browse for on Etsy or create yourself. Personalized Kindergarten Graduation Shirt Either way, there are choices for every budget.īelow are 14 kindergarten graduation gift ideas for your kindergarten graduate that include a wide array of choices and price points! 1. There are many that you can DIY or order off Amazon. There are several ways you can celebrate, including gifts and keepsakes. The Perfect Gift Ideas for Kindergarten Graduation Related: How to Throw a Kindergarten Graduation Party It’s a time that should be celebrated so you can look back on the wonderful memories. Your little graduate finally completed their very first year of elementary school which is a huge and exciting milestone. The last day of school for your kindergartener will be an emotional time for them and you. We wanted to let you know that if you chose to purchase one of the items featured in this post, we may receive a small commission for it. That’s why we’re dedicated to making your life easier with the latest and greatest parenting advice and products. Editor’s Note: We know raising kids can be hard. Overview FAQ Certified What's New Similar to 6 Since 2007 inSSIDer has been the. Note: We recommend the Edimax AC1750 (3x3) or Linksys WUSB6300 (2x2) adapter. Optimization Network / Wi-Fi Tools inSSIDer 5.6.1.2 The most powerful Wi-Fi Scanner for residential Wi-Fi. * Requires supported Wi-Fi adapter for packet capture. Also been a top story on Wired, The Verge, Tech Crunch, Business Insider, CNET, Time, Masahable. Identify top talkers across networks with All Clients tab*Ĭollaborate with teammates on- and off-site using shared Snapshot dataĪnalyze AP-to-client traffic quality with real-time treepie charts* We were 1 trending story on Facebook the day after the launch. See signal strength and utilization from the client device perspective*Įxpertly assess connection quality with real-time MCS Index, spatial streams, and channel width* See visual indicator when new APs enter your environmentĮstablish benchmarks and track network data over time with Snapshots Note: MetaGeek Plus features are currently only available in Windows versions of inSSIDer.įind the best 2.4 and 5 GHz channel in real-timeįilter APs by BSSID (name) or MAC address InSSIDer 5, the first application to ever combine Wi-Fi scanning with packet capture and RF spectrum analysis, becomes even more powerful when you layer on a MetaGeek Plus subscription. With inSSIDer, you can inspect your Wi-Fi and surrounding networks, scan and filter hundreds of nearby access points, troubleshot the competing access points and clogged Wi-Fi channels, and more. After enough mRNA has been produced in an IVT reaction, the pDNA is broken down to ensure that only mRNA will be incorporated into the vaccine.īecause mRNA is highly susceptible to degradation, a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) or other suitable delivery system must be developed to package the mRNA and deliver it to cells. Additional steps are performed using distinctive enzymes to cap and thus stabilize that material. Plasmids easily replicate and magnify target gene sequences, enabling rapid production.įigure 1: Manufacturing process for mRNA-based vaccines (DS = drug substance, DP = drug product).ĭuring a cell-free in vitro transcription (IVT) process, a pDNA template is incubated with enzymes and nucleotides to produce mRNA. The resulting plasmid DNA (pDNA) undergoes purification and linearization. Inducing antibody binding with the S protein would prevent attachment of a virus particle to human cells exhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor, thereby preventing viral entry.Īfter target identification, scientists insert the DNA sequence coding for the gene of interest (GoI) (for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, that is the gene encoding for the S protein) into a plasmid, which is amplified in host bacteria (typically Escherichia coli) using a fermentor (Figure 1). Hence, in the case of COVID-19 vaccines, many drug companies selected the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. However, the target protein must be sufficiently different from proteins in human cells so that resulting immune responses detect and address only the pathogen. The outcome has been rapid availability of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in major markets, based on work from manufacturing resources that are spread out around the world.ĭuring mRNA vaccine development, scientists first must identify a target protein from the pathogen of interest - e.g., in the case of SARS-CoV-2, the spike (S) protein. However, unprecedented global collaboration, funding, and government support relating to the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated efforts to address the difficulties surrounding mRNA technology. The modality did not gather momentum during early studies because of immunogenicity, stability, and delivery issues. Scientists have been studying mRNA vaccines for almost three decades to protect against influenza, rabies, Zika virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) ( 3). Pfizer–BioNTech’s and Moderna’s respective vaccines were developed in such short timeframes because mRNA technology was not designed overnight to mitigate COVID-19. The rapidity with which those products were developed stands in stark contrast to the 10–15 years that traditionally have been required for a candidate vaccine to move from discovery to approval and administration in patients. EUA for Moderna’s mRNA vaccine followed soon after. Within a couple months of the virus’s gene sequence being published ( 1), Pfizer and BioNTech were ready with their vaccine candidate ( 2), and in less than a year, the vaccine was approved for administration in adults. Kate Stegeman, an advocacy coordinator for International aid group Medicins Sans Frontieres, called the announcement "a welcome milestone".Vaccines based on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) created headlines in December 2020 for being the first highly efficacious SARS-CoV-2 prophylactics to receive emergency use authorization (EUA) from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To date, over 20 countries have requested access to the hub’s technology transfer, the WHO said. The mRNA hub in South Africa has a global approach, serving not only Africa but the world. Other manufacturing "spokes" in the WHO's hub-and-spoke concept include Argentina and Brazil. The first recipient of the mRNA technology transfer is consortium partner and partly state-owned South African vaccine manufacturer Biovac, which will mass produce the vaccine once it has passed the necessary safety and regulatory hurdles. Primarily set up in response to the COVID-19 emergency, the transfer hub could expand manufacturing capacity to tackle diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria in Africa. "This is mRNA technology designed in Africa, led by Africa and owned by Africa, with the support of Team Europe," European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said. Training of the recipient countries will begin in March 2022. The hub has already established mRNA vaccine production at laboratory scale and is working towards commercial production. Makolo did not respond directly on whether Rwanda had applied to be a part of the WHO’s technology transfer project. Rwandan government spokeswoman Yolande Makolo told Reuters the government is working with BioNTech, the WHO and the AU on mRNA vaccine manufacturing, citing an agreement BionTech signed with Kigali and Senegal's Institut Pasteur of Dakar in October. Senegalese President Macky Sall said: "Our aim of course is to have 60% of vaccines given in Africa. |
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